The integration of agroforestry on dairy farms presents a potential paradigm shift in dairy production in the Eifel Region of Germany. Through consultation and interviews with local farmers, foresters and other experts we have developed a decision analysis model to describe the shift from current production to agroforestry on dairy farms and assess the viability of such a change. Our model involves the deliberate integration of agroforestry systems into dairy farm landscapes. As an exemplary case, we modeled short-rotation plantations with poplar trees. The model expresses the connections between differences in the microclimate in an agroforestry system compared to grassland influenced by temperature, wind and radiation. It includes the protective function of trees for animal health. Trees can promote the health of diary cows by enhancing resilience against extreme weather and protects from sun radiation. The model components capture the economic investment required for successful agroforestry implementation. Including agroforestry establishment and managing fields grazed by dairy cows. Our model addresses the importance of aligning agroforestry practices with established economic models. The long-term value generated by agroforestry practices is also determined by risks associated with trees, milk production and discount rates on the overall capital value. The economic viability of agroforestry on dairy farms hinges on factors such as product prices, milk yield assurance, and the availability of financial support. Our mode evaluates the importance of efficient planning, machinery, and the care of trees. We generated an impact pathway of the decision problem of integrating agroforestry in dairy farms. Positive connections signify synergies and beneficial relationships between components. Negative connections indicate areas where challenges and drawbacks may arise. The model provides a holistic understanding of how different elements interact within the agroforestry framework. Our model addresses the challenges faced during the implementation of agroforestry on dairy farms. Farmer adoption is a complex process influenced by various factors, including the planning of fences and trees, the selection of tree planting material, and the ongoing care of trees. Our model highlights the need for planning ahead and properly handling dairy animals to ensure successful adoption. Integrating agroforestry on dairy farms in the Eifel Region, Germany has potential but also possible trade-offs for farmers. Our decision analysis approach offers a robust framework for understanding the dynamics involved in this transformative agricultural practice. As agroforestry gains momentum as a sustainable solution, our model serves as a valuable tool for policymakers, farmers, and researchers alike, offering insights into the challenges, successes, and potential pathways toward a more resilient and diversified dairy farming future.